Epidemiology Paper on Hiv - 800 Words

Amanda Hough Grand Canyon University: Family Centered Health Promotion May 16, 2014 HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It can lead to immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS. It is caused by the HIV entering the uninfected body and stats to destroy CD4+cells which are there to help the body fight infection and disease (Webmd.com, 2014). Once you have HIV, you have it for life. More than 1.1 million people in United States alone are living with HIV and 1 out of 6 font even know it. About 50,000 people are infected with HIV each year (Cdc.gov, 2014). It is more commonly see in the gay community particularly young black males. In 2011 an estimated that 15,529 people had died. (Aids.gov, 2014) HIV is spread by having unprotected sex†¦show more content†¦Testing to see if you have been infected with HIV is easy. There is a rapid HIV test available where they use a blood sample to look for antibodies to HIV. This test takes about twenty minutes if positive follow up testing in necessary (Cdc.gov, 2014). Treatment for HIV is just to control the disease. They use a combination of drug therapies known as cocktails. This way when the virus figures out how to get around one there is another drug to block it from duplicating itself. The social determinants of health are the circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, work, and age, as well as the systems put in place to deal with illness. Social determinants for HIV would be in the poor black community where people are unable to afford condoms, new needles and are uneducated in this disease. The epidemiologic triangle is a model that scientists have developed for studying health problems and how they spread. The epidemiologic triangle of this disease would be the host (the human), environment (which tends to be lower income black community’s) and agent (HIV). Community health nurses find out information about the community’s involvement and knowledge. They use their clinical understanding and experience to bring information to the community’s about different health issues in that area. For example if HIV was increasing in their area they would collect the numbers and data and bring it to the attention of other health care agencies to bringShow MoreRelatedEpidemiology HIV Paper1382 Words   |  6 PagesCanyon University: NRS- 427V 12/14/2014 HIV COMMUNICABLE DISEASE AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is defined by the Mayo Clinic as A chronic, potentially life-threatening condition which is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV damages the immune system, and interferes with the ability the body has to fight the disease causing organism (Mayo Clinic, 2014). HIV is an infection transmitted sexually. Another mode of transmission for HIV is by exposure to infected blood, orRead MoreThe Prevention Of Infectious Disease1596 Words   |  7 PagesEcology of Infectious Disease Final Exam HIV Public Health Campaign Purpose of the Guide to HIV Infection for Healthcare Professionals Presented on pages 1 through 3 is a mock guide that will be handed out to public health professionals for the purpose of identifying and treating those afflicted with HIV. General Information on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus with Specified Information for the Healthcare Professional Human Immunodeficiency Virus or HIV is a single stranded positive sense RNARead MoreEpidemiology Paper1518 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Running head: Epidemiology paper: Tuberculosis Epidemiology Paper: Tuberculosis Richard Doria Grand Canyon University NRS-427V October 5, 2014 Epidemiology Paper: Tuberculosis â€Å"Tuberculosis (TB), a multisystem disease with myriad presentations and manifestations, is the most common cause of infectious disease–related mortality worldwide. Although TB rates are decreasing in the United States, the disease is becoming more common in many parts of the world. In addition, the prevalenceRead MoreExamples Of Position Of Officer967 Words   |  4 Pagesearned my MD from Kabul Medical University specializing in Family Medicine. I then earned an Executive MBA in Health Management and Administration from Preston University Pakistan. Subsequently, I earned my Dual MPH degree in Epidemiology and Global Health, and my PhD in Epidemiology at the University of South Florida, College of Public Health. Here, I would like to briefly address the critical competencies in the position description. With over 10 years of experience in public health, I have ledRead MoreHiv Epidemiology1228 Words   |  5 PagesHIV Epidemiology HIV Epidemiology For the epidemiology paper I chose to write about HIV. HIV is growing concern in the community and too many people are uneducated about the seriousness of this disease. HIV is terminal illness; it will eventually consume your life at some point. There are treatment options out there but being compliant with the medication regimen is crucial to the maintenance and management of this disease. HIV also known as the Human Immunodeficiency Virus; with HIV the virusRead MoreThe Nutritional Principles Of Nursing Course Essay1667 Words   |  7 Pages Nutrition and HIV Tiffany Schenck Rasmussen College Author Note This paper is being submitted on December 9, 2016, for Virginia Aulik’s Nutritional Principles of Nursing course. â€Æ' Nutrition and HIV It s been 30 years since the HIV/AIDS epidemic shook the world. What is the current status of the virus globally? Are you at risk? Is there a cure? HIV does not make someone dangerous to know. You can shake their hand and give them a hug without becoming infected. In America, 8% ofRead MoreWhy I Am A Doctor875 Words   |  4 Pagesinitiatives through the International Federation of Medical Students Associations. I led local campaigns and worked on publications to raise awareness on breast cancer, tuberculosis, smoking, breastfeeding interruption, female genital mutilation, HIV/AIDS, and other global health issues. Working as a physician in Egypt, I quickly realized that I could be more effective in solving health problems if I integrated a public health approach with my clinical background. One of the encounters during myRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1529 Words   |  7 PagesTemplate for APA Papers: A Sample of Proper Formatting for the APA 6th Edition Sheela Jose Grand Canyon University: HIV Known as a Communicable Disease A communicable disease is known an illness that results from an infectious agent that occurs through transmission either indirectly or directly, from an infected individual. The human immunodeficiency virus is considered a communicable disease, and will be explored further in relation to the concepts of epidemiology and the role ofRead Moreepidemiology HIV1204 Words   |  5 Pagesa written paper of 1,200-1,500 words, apply the concepts of epidemiology and nursing research to a communicable disease. Communicable Disease Selection Choose one communicable disease from the following list: 1. Chickenpox 2. Tuberculosis 3. Influenza 4. Mononucleosis 5. Hepatitis B 6. HIV Epidemiology Paper Requirements Include the following in your assignment: 1. Description of the communicable disease (causes, symptoms, mode of transmission, complications, treatment) and the demographicRead MoreQuestions On Epidemiology And Biostatistics846 Words   |  4 Pages EDUCATION: Temple University Philadelphia, PA US Master’s Degree – 12/2014 45 Semester hours Major: Public health Concentration: Epidemiology and Biostatistics Relevant Coursework: Fundamental of Public Health, Complex Emergencies and forced migration, Epidemiological Research Methods I II, Multivariate Biostatistics, Data management and Analysis, Political Aspect of Public Health

Choosing Good College Freshman Essay Samples

Choosing Good College Freshman Essay Samples They're experts in various academic disciplines and professional writers at the exact same moment. The author starts with a rather comprehensive story of an event or description of an individual or place. Instead, tell the school why this info is critical, and the way you're benefit from it. You are able to have the very best information on the planet, it is going to be useless if it's not organized properly. The Little-Known Secrets to College Freshman Essay Samples Writing the college application essay can be among the most daunting pieces of applying to college. By way of example, a why us essay might chat about how very interesting XYZ interdisciplinary project is and the way it fits nicely with your senior project. Replace a number of the cliched language. Be sure to follow along with the correct format, consisting of the general components of an essay. It's very useful to take writing apart as a way to see just the way that it accomplishes its objectives. This is a superb revision. The total format of your essay, for example, font size and margins, will solely are based on the instructions provided to you. But before somebody is granted a complete scholarship, you have to first submit an application for college application. Additionally, it means, when you have any work experience, be sure you describe it upon your college freshman resume. Keep these suggestions in mind, and you are going to be a step closer to that scholarship at your favorite university or college. In college nobody will make you study if you don't wish to. Studies have revealed that an ordinary student gains between 3 to ten pounds during their initial couple of years of college, however most of that is from the difficult adjustment during the first couple of semesters. Now it's time for those electives. The student understood why he wished to visit this college. 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My experience in college gave me the opportunity to sharpen my skills in the specialty of my selection. It is the best place you will meet people because you have a lot in common. Within this way your teachers will realize your urge to study and they will certainly like it.

Shell in Hrm free essay sample

In this report, it will introduce what Royal Dutch Shell (‘Shell’) done in HRM, what strategies they use and why they are be successful. It focuses mainly on effective employees’ selection, human resources developments, performance management, remunerations and rewards of Shell. Each part will mention factors influenced by internal and external factor, the rationales of using strategies and what Shell did on each part. Effective Employee Selection Shell has provided a variety of job positions for suitable candidates to apply for jobs at their own choices. Shell will select candidates who possess bachelor degree, master degree or PhD degree to apply for all kinds of job positions. Shell believes that those candidates selected will eventually help Shell to provide quality of services and techniques after trainings. Application Shell has provided detailed information and instructions for all candidates in making on-line applications via internet. â€Å"Job Search† engine at Shell’s website has also been designed for candidates, who could immediately find their desired vacancies and submit their application immediately through internet. When the candidates complete and submit applications, they will receive acknowledgements within 48 hours. For suitable candidates, Shell will invite them for interviews within 2 weeks from the date of submission. In addition, Shell has also designed and provided â€Å"Job Alerts† function for people, who are difficult to find their desired vacancies from Shell in the past. This function is to alert people for job opportunities in future when their desired vacancies are being offered and match with their resume. Interview Shell will invite suitable candidates for interviews, which will be held via face-to-face meeting(s) or by telephone inquiries. Through the interview, Shell will evaluate candidates how Capacity, Achievement, Relationship Skills and Technical Skills (‘CART’) are carried out. Before the end of the interview, Shell will provide adequate time for candidates to ask questions about working environment, corporate culture and etc. Final Assessment The successful candidates being selected after interviews will be given with an opportunity to take a final assessment. This final assessment will take 4-hour time to finish designated tasks, which include Case Study, Group Discussions, Scenario Practice and Final Interview. Having passed the final assessment, candidates will be given with an opportunity to get more insight about the job position, rewards and fringe benefits. Rationale for the employee selection The rationale for the employee selection by Shell is to select for the company suitable employees, who would provide good quality of performances and services offered to the public. In the selection process, Shell will select candidates being university under-graduates or graduates and requires university qualification as its basic entrance level in the application. Shell is well in selection on the best uses of talents as its employees. They will provide an opportunity on working environments for employees to have equal opportunity in developing their own skills and talent. In addition, Shell also pays attention to candidates’ resume because those resumes will show key strengths and achievements made in their working experience. The final assessment provides an opportunity for those candidates to tell their own achievements made and how challenges being tackled in the past. Strategy Influenced by Other Factors Internal factors Shell provides â€Å"Job Search† engine at its website for candidates to choose interested vacancies for them to apply. This function can let candidates to have opportunities to find their dream jobs. If Shell assigns employees to hated job positions, it will affect the employees being demoralized. External factors At present, many companies require candidates having the university education level as the minimum educational qualification. However, Shell finds that it is difficult to identify talents amongst those university graduates applied. If Shell employs fresh graduates who are lack of working experience, Shell will provide training programs for them so that they will work smoothly after trainings. In addition, Shell also considers economical elements, including other companies’ annual salary increments and its affordability for hiring high-paid employees. As such, Shell usually employs university graduates. Training programs Shell operates more than 110 countries in the world and has attained vast working experiences and expertise in different areas or locations. Also, Shell has established many training centers across different countries and offers a large range of training programs and development activities for its employees. Offers of the training programs and the development activities to selected employees depend on their business areas covered, locations and role of the employee within Shell. An example of Shell’s training activities is shown as follows: Tailored Training Tailored training is offered for all of Shell’s new employees and includes inductions and a specific program, namely, â€Å"Shell Life†. Shell Life is a course that is highly experiential and interactive designed for university graduates to develop their leadership potentials. The course helps participants to identify their personal direction, leadership skill, interpersonal effectiveness and business awareness qualities that they need if they want to pursue a successful career with Shell. Leadership Program Leadership program is available to all staffs of Shell. Under the Leadership Program, management team will be invited to be tutors coaching their staffs and will provide their expertise and insights to those staffs. Besides, this program covers the contexts that actually happen in the real life. After attending the Leadership Program, new staffs will be evaluated and will be considered as the first priority to be promoted as senior executives in future. On-the-job learning On-the-job learning is conducted by senior staffs or supervisors. It is an extensive training service, which facilitates senior staffs to learn in the work stations. On-the-job learning provides hands-on experience for senior staffs in building up required skills and / or expertise. After completion of the On-the-job learning, those senior employees or supervisors will then provide their sub-ordinates with insights into their strengths, development areas and teaching them how effective works be achieved. As such, their supervisors could create an effective development plan for their sub-ordinates. Off-the-job learning On-line and face-to-face trainings are offered for employees on the company’s Business Principles, which are similar to preventing from bribery and corruption in order to make the employees understand the business mission and vision. The company expects that the employees should follow the business principles in doing their works. Rationale for the training programs The rationale for the Shell training program is to improve the current job performances of its employees. Shell coaches their employees through actual practices in order to make the employees understand how to perform their present job better. Besides, Shell designs a large range of training programs to support and guide their employees’ career choices in order to increase their motivation to work with Shell. The strategy influenced by other factors Internal factors If the program is not compulsory for the employees to join or employees have choices not to join the program, it will be lack of employees’ motivation to learn any technique in the program. On the other hand, if program trainers have poor training skills, they might mislead trainees in learning incorrect skill from the program. Therefore, the program fails and losses its significance to be continued. External factors If the world economy is slump, it may make organizations lack of resources in providing training programs to their employees. If a competitor has offered a good training program system to its employees, it will create a yardstick and a comparison within the same industry of its kind. As such, Shell’s employees might want to leave Shell and join the competitor company. Performance Management Companies need improvements in performances in order to survive in the highly-competitive world, remain competitive and stay strong. Performance management links to the objectives of improving organizational, functional, group or individual progress towards goal achievements. It ensures that jobs are properly designed and qualified personnel are hired, trained, rewarded and motivated in order to achieve the organization’s strategies and business objectives. Board Evaluation The Board carries out Performance Evaluations of itself, its committees, its Chairman and each other of the directors within the Board. It has held a significant part in the Performance Management in Shell. These evaluations are led by the Nomination and Succession Committee, which is an external facilitator and does not have any connection and relation with Shell. The process of the evaluations consists of all directors completing questionnaires, designed by the external facilitator, through online system. When the results of questionnaires are available to the facilitator, he will then prepare written reports to the Chairman. The results of the evaluations on the Board and its committees will be discussed at the Board of Directors’ meeting. The evaluations provide to the Board a wide range of feedback, including some processes and agenda contents. Controls and Procedures The Board is responsible for Shell’s internal control system and for reviewing its effectiveness and relations to control the financial report. It has indicated that such controls are one of the methods in managing performances and the progress of business objectives achievements. The Shell Control Framework advocated by Shell applies to all related companies of the Group. The three key components comprise of Foundation, Organization and Process. Foundation comprises of Shell’s objectives, principles and establishes the boundaries for the company’s activities. †¢ Organization sets out how various legal entities relate to each other and organize and manages their business activities. †¢ Process plays an important role in this framework as it refers to material processes, including how authority be delegated, how strategies, planning and appraisals are used to improve performances. It is an ongoing process for identifying, evaluating and managing the significant risks to achieve Shell’s objectives. According to the Shell’s Annual Review, it could be seen that the Performance Management of Shell’s risk management system and internal controls system has been undertaken by the Board. Performance Share Plan Shell has indicated the performance share plan into performance management. Its awards under the Performance Share Plan are granted upon certain conditions to eligible employees, who are not members of the Executive Committee of Shell. The actual amount of shares that may vest range from 0% to 200% of the awards, depending on the outcomes of prescribed performance conditions over a three-year period of the award year. Rationale for performance management Performance management aims to †¢ Improve organizational, functional, unit and individual employee performances; †¢ Identify required performance improvements and developing new performance objectives for converting improved performances into rewards. For information, rewards could be interpreted as remuneration and benefits. In case of Shell, the Company has applied Shell Control Framework in their business objectives and the system is monitored and controlled by The Board, which will regularly review it. The Control Framework has been put in place to designed tools in managing risk rather than eliminating the risks of failure to achieve business objectives. Therefore, it only provides a reasonable and not an absolute assurance against material misstatement or loss. Moreover, the Performance Share Plan aims to award employees who are eligible and are not members of the Executive Committee. This Performance Share Plan is effective to reward eligible employees in order to increase their moral and retain their loyalty. On the other hand, the Board’s evaluation is to ensure that jobs are properly designed and that qualified personnel are performed well or not. Strategies Influenced by Other Factors Internal Factors Internal factors indicate as factors which are under the organization control, including the business principles, the Board and all employees. In Shell, the business objectives, functions and strategies are lying to the Shell Control Framework whereas the Board is responsible for controls and reviewing its effectiveness. Since three components are lie to the Shell Control Framework and controlled by the Board, the performance management influenced by the Board internally. The strategies and business activities are used to improve performances which are indicated by the Board. Actually, the strategies and objectives have changed year by year. External Factors External factor comprises of climate change, economic downstream, government, communities and social. In Shell, external regulatory and legal environment are the external factors and are usually out of control. These two external factors were under the Organization component in Shell Control Framwork. In case of Performance Management, rewards act as important roles, including benefits and remuneration. Shell awards eligible employees by Performance Share Plan and award them with the Shell’s share at a price not less 30% off. During economics downstream or crisis in the oil industry, employees might be awarded with the low price of shares of the Company. Human Resource Management strategy Performance Management In managing performances, strategy, performance management and performance appraisal have been introduced. There are co-related commons and differences between Performance Management and Performance Appraisal. Performance management focuses on enhanced achievements of organizational objectives on group or unit or individual performance. It involves goal establishment, performance evaluation, employee development and reward. There is a strategic link in relation to the five missions and objectives. It can be defined as organizational mission and objectives, functional objectives, unit or group objectives and individual objectives accordingly. Performance appraisal is a key part of a company’s performance management system. The performance appraisal involves measuring how well individual personnel are doing their jobs against a set of criteria, providing feedback and creating a development plan. Successful of performance management of Shell In the above evaluations and measures of performance management, it has indicated that Shell has shown its great efforts towards performance management. The Board and it committee and employees of Shell are using effective performance management leading to its successful implementation of developing new strategies direction and adopting new practices (Manoochehri, 1999). Shell has applied Performance Share Plan, The Board Evaluation and Shell Control Framework in order to manage the employees. The Board undertakes its activities in order to achieve its objectives and to evaluate their performances. In the Annual Review, Shell has disclosed details and process about the Board Evaluation, which shows that Shell has paid continuous efforts on its successful performance management. Human Resource Management strategy Human Resource Development The aim of Human Resource Development (â€Å"HRD†) is to enhance the capability of human resource management systems to adapt and respond proactively to a constantly changing environment. HRD includes training, development, career planning and performance appraisal. Shell has done a lot of works to contribute to the organization’s performances. The company has always focused on developing individual skills and capabilities to ensure that the right number of managers with the right set of competencies and experiences would be available to occupy the most senior jobs in the company. Moreover, Shell always recruits University graduates and uses its strategy of â€Å"grown their own people† by providing technical, professional and leadership training programs. This method has involved moving people within the company around the world every few years and encourages its staff to have on-the-job learning. Besides, Shell has been building long term strategic relationships with all stakeholders, including its own staff as an important stakeholder. Shell understands that its staffs are at the heart of the success of a company. Therefore, the company wants to build and maintain a good relationship with their staff. Furthermore, in terms of career planning, human resource professional always act as a coach to help the employees in understanding their individual strengths and weaknesses. The professional advises them on development needs and possible career directions against the background of a wider understanding relating to the business requirements and suitable job opportunities. Also, Shell assigns line managers to be coaches to their own staffs and provides the expertise and insights to their sub-ordinates. On the other hand, Shell uses a set of common criteria, namely, ‘helicopter’, ‘power of analysis’, ‘imagination’, ‘sense of reality’, and ‘leadership effectiveness’ for job evaluation and grading to identify the strengths and weaknesses of people. Successful of Human Resource Development of Shell The above practices are successful to use the Human Resource Management of Shell. It is reported that Human Resource Development (‘HRD’) refers to the practices used for enhancing employee skills through training and other forms of knowledge and skill enhancement. Lepak Snell, 1999). Shell provides technical, professional and leadership training programmers to employee and focuses on developing individual skills. On the other hand, on- the-job learning can make the employee having more practical working experience. Those experiences that increase employee tacit knowledge especially are likely to increase the compa ny’s specificity of human capital. Therefore, HRD can improve the human capital that people bring with them to the company. Besides, the important internal customers include line managers. Line managers are increasingly given key responsibilities for the delivery of Strategic HRD (Morley Heraty, 1997). As such, Shell assigns line-managers to be coaches to their own staff and providing the expertise and insights to their subordinates. Therefore, the line-managers from Shell can deliver the Strategic of HRD to other employees directly and can make the employees to follow the strategy easier. Conclusion Shell has been successful owing to some particular HR strategies, such as performance share plan, tailored training, leadership program and etc. This report uses journal research method to find out the HR techniques used by Shell and to identify the intended purposes of these strategies. The abovementioned strategies in this report include training and development, remuneration, employee selections and performance management. Also, this report has detailed explanations on the rationales why Shell needs to implement these kinds of strategies. It has been identified that the common internal factors are affected by employees’ influences to the strategies and policies whereas the common external factors are affected by economics and environments in the world.

Middle East Essays (3412 words) - Geography Of Asia, Asia

Middle East Middle East has not known peace for many years; Israel-Arabic conflicts have seen many lives wasted as each camp argues its rights to the land in dispute. The cause of the conflicts is very complicated. The present Israel nation was originally Canaan and was conquered in 1250 B.C by the Jews. King Solomon reigned over the land from 961-922 B.C after which the land was split into two kingdoms. The southern region (Judah) was conquered by Babylonians who chased the residents (Jews) to exile. It was not after 70 years that the Jews started going back to Israel and reconstructed the Solomon temple that had been destroyed. The Jews settled in the land but 63 B.C Judea was incorporated as a Roman province in Palestine. The Jews kept protesting against the Roman rule, the protests were put down by Emperor Titus. The Temple of Solomon was destroyed shortly after this (70 A.D). This was the beginning of the Jewish Diaspora. Emperor Hadrian allowed the Jews to return back to Israel during his reign; 118-138 BC. Then there was a revolt in 133 A.D the Jews were burnished from Jerusalem, and it was utterly destroyed. In 638 A.D the Arabs conquered the former land of Israel and occupied it. They latter established mosques in the land especially at Al- Asqa where Jerusalem was located and Al- Qods , at an area where the Muslims believe Prophet Mohamed ascended. The land remained under the control of Muslims until the Jews were mandated to occupy the land by the United Nations so as to establish Israel (Thompson, 1992). Zionist Movement- Return Of Israelites Zionist movement (Jews in Diaspora) started claiming back the land that was originally theirs: where Israel stood. When in 1897 they started taking root and demanding their land back, the Palestinians had already fully occupied that land. The core of the conflict between the Jews/ Israel and the Arabs/ Palestinians is: both claim the same land to be rightfully theirs. 25,000 Jewish immigrants moved into Palestine in 1903 and between 1904 and 1914 another batch of 40,000 immigrants came in. They started living amidst 500,000 Arabs. Ottoman Turks controlled Palestine until they were forced out by British and Arab forces. Latter on (1917), the British colonial power committed themselves to help restore Palestine to the Jews (Balfour declaration). Over the following years the Zionist movement continued to bring in more Jews to Palestine (Eisenberg, 2002). Start Of Conflict- Establishment Of Israel The increase of the Jews in Palestine stirred up the Arabs to oppose their threatened nation. In 1937 the British proposed a need to divide the land between Jews and Palestinians. The Jews were to take 1/3rd of the land including the coastal plain and Galilee. The Arabs rejected the proposal demanding the end of Jewish migration. They embarked on establishing a single and unified Arabic state but with a provision to provide protection for the minority (Jews). The UN was handed the mandate of handling the conflict by the British in 1947. Immense conflicts were faced as hundreds of thousands of Jews were displaced by the Nazis. The UN proposed for division of the land (56.47% to Arabs and 43.53% to Jews) a proposal that was rejected by the Arabs. The Jews started forcing the Palestinians out of their villages by 1947 December ( Tessler , 1994). On 14th May 1948 the Nation of Israel was proclaimed, and without delay the British troops left. This was followed by frequent wars between the Arabs and Israel. The Jews made more progress towards the Palestinian land. There was massacre upon Palestinians and many freed to Egypt, Lebanon and Trans-Jordan. The Jews conquered the coastal plains, Negev and Galilee. Just one day after the establishment of Israel nation, forces from Iraqi, Syria, Lebanon, Egypt and Jordan invaded Israel only to be crushed. Egypt took the Strip of Gaza as Jordan took the land around Jerusalem: West Bank totaling to 25% of Palestinians land ( Tessler , 1994). Arab Attack Of Israel Since 1948 the Arab nations have kept on plotting their attack of Israel to capture back the land they believe is theirs. Arab governments formed Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)

Ecology lab report essays

Ecology lab report essays An organism has several ways to avoid being prated upon. One way to avoid this is to practice crptis. Crypis is the action of organisms avoiding predation by blending in with their backgrounds and matching the color pattern of a bark, twigs or leaves. Palatable animals often utilize this strategy as well. Another type of defense is aposematism or warning coloratio. Organisms that produce noxious chemicals or accumalate them from food plants, advertise the fact that they are harmful with conspicous color patterns. Mimicry is the resemblence of an organism toward some other organism or an object inthe enviroment, evolved to decieve predators or prey into confuding the organism with that which it mimics. The prey involved within this experiment utilized mimisry as their defense stategy. Batesia mimicry, Mullerian mimicry, and aggressive mimicry are all various forms of mimicry. Batesian mimicry is a resemblance of an unpalatable species (model) by an edible species (mimic) to decieve predators. Mullerian minicry is a mutual resemblance of two or more conspicuousyly marked upalatable species to enhance predator avoidance. Aggressive mimicry is a tactic that enables predators to avoid being detected by their prey or even to attract prey. The type of mimicry that was utilized within this experiment is Batesian mimicry. The purpose of thsi experiment is to observe predators or in this case birds, and determine whether or not mimicry developed based on the fact that the birds learned about what was really going on. Mimicry doesn't always develop,. The predator must be smartiin order to realize that some are tasteful, while others are distasteful. Our predators can determine this by realizing that a color strategy is being put to use. The null hypothesis for this experiment is that if the don't eat or remove most of the red larvae which happens to be 100%palatable, by the end of the week, then they did not realize that mimicry has occur...

Literal Meanings and Pedantic Precision

Literal Meanings and Pedantic Precision Literal Meanings and Pedantic Precision Literal Meanings and Pedantic Precision By Mark Nichol Earlier this year, the Merriam-Webster website, which, along with its paper-and-ink version, is notorious for its laissez-faire approach to word usage, expressed an intriguing argument in one of its Usage Notes: Chill out about preserving the â€Å"original† meaning of words. If one were to insist that words be used only in their initial sense, one would discourage me from writing â€Å"Chill out,† because I am not alluding to temperature, and the literal meaning of the verb chill is not â€Å"calm down,† but â€Å"make colder.† That’s the point of the post, which argues that, for example, aggravate shouldn’t be required to apply only to making something worse- it’s fine to use it when describing mere irritation. The argument goes that if the restriction is to be taken to its logical conclusion, aggravate should mean only â€Å"weigh down,† because that is its original sense. (The grav in aggravate, you see, is the same as the grav in gravity.) By the same token, the lackluster utterance of â€Å"Awesome† in response to, well, virtually any pronouncement- no exclamation point is necessary, because the comment was likely nothing like an exclamation- is acceptable. Apparently, the interest of some in preserving that term to describe something truly remarkable is invalid; after all, the original meaning was â€Å"inspiring awe,† and to employ the word for something merely spectacular demonstrates disloyalty to its etymological origins. (Awful would also have the same restriction, because it literally means â€Å"full of awe.†) I see the point, but I also feel that indiscriminate dilution of a word’s distinct meaning paints writers into a corner. Once awesome, indiscriminately mumbled in response to myriad comments undeserving of such a potentially powerful reply, is devalued, what is left to describe something that is, well, truly awesome? On the one hand, this weakening of a word challenges the writer to find- or even craft- a suitable synonym, but it might not be long before the replacement is in turn drained of its strength. That’s why I never write (or say) anxious when I mean eager; the former term patently alludes to anxiety, not anticipation. But I admit inconsistency- using the last word in the previous sentence reminds me that anticipation literally means not â€Å"the state of looking forward to something† but, rather, â€Å"the act of foreseeing.† (Anticipere, the Latin verb from which it is derived, means â€Å"take before.†) Nevertheless, I try to use precise, unambiguous words and will continue to preserve distinctions when possible, and I encourage careful writers to do so as well. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Computer Terms You Should Know50 Nautical Terms in General Use20 Movies Based on Shakespeare Plays

Most ideas representative of general administrative theories are Essay

Most ideas representative of general administrative theories are relevant to modern global organizations - Essay Example Administration is only one of these functions. Hence it is more realistic to talk of management theories instead of the administrative theories as the former encompasses the latter. Broadly speaking, management theory attempts to emphasize management functions with a view to generate broad administrative principles that would serve as guideline for the realization of organizational activities. There has been numerous attempts made by scholars of various disciplines to construct a 'general management theory'. However, neither of these attempts seems to favor one another and it has almost become impossible to find out two scholars sharing a common view. Suojanen (1963).The earliest writings on the subject came from such eminent scholars like Henri Fayol, Mooney and Reiley, and Gulick and Urwick (1937). The greatest development that has occurred in the management literature in recent years is the classification of various views of management in a coherent and logical way. This scientific classification of diverse approaches to the subject has been done by Koontz (1961), widely known as the 'management theory jungle'. Koontz (1961) classified the major schools of management theory into six broad categories. 1. ... His main contributions included among others to define a body of principles that would empower a manager to formulate a formal structure of the organization for its effective administration. Being a staunch advocate of the universality of management concepts and principles, Fayol introduced management as a separate discipline is his original contribution to management thought. Fayol opined that the five functions of managers were to plan, organize, command, coordinate, and control. His fourteen principles of management included division of work, authority and responsibility, discipline, unity of command, unity of direction, subordination of individual interests to general interests, remuneration of personnel, centralization, scalar chain, order, equity, stability of tenure of personnel, initiative, and esprit de corps (union is strength).Though he been often associated with his Frederick W. Taylor, the two had opposite viewpoints. Whereas Fayol advocated productivity improvements fro m the "top down", the Scientific Approach of Taylor advocated "bottom up". 2. The Empirical School: The empirical school seems to be based on the premises of 'learning by doing/following'. In other words, it advocates learning from the experiences of successful managers or mistakes made in the management policies in the past for successful implementation of management policies in the future. More specifically it views management as a study of experience. However, it must be argued that though past experiences are priceless but it may not always be the case that what seemed right in the past would also be applicable in the future. Hence it is advisable to not only learn from the past but consider the present and if possible the future while formulating a management decision. 3. The Human

Don't shrink in the group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Don't shrink in the group - Essay Example She has several publications on behavioural psychology which makes her an authority in the subject. She explains her thesis from a diagnosis perspective by suggesting that the inaction of a person in a group is not because of an individual’s or personal defect or deviance but more of the general outfit of group behaviour and the characteristics of people in groups. This is why if a person sees a hit and run accident or an infliction of injury by on a stranger by a thug or violent animal, they will respond immediately and some even risk their own safety for the stranger. However if a group of people witnesses such a thing they will hesitate before any of them can marshal for help or take action to assist the victim. Her first reference point is the act of surprised neighbours who horrifically watch as one of their neighbours is stabbed right in front of her door step. This in its self amounts to a shrinkage as none of the neighbours who saw the whole scene made an attempt at he lping or intervening. She extends her thesis to include the act of policemen watching as some of their colleagues beat up the perpetrator helplessly while they did nothing. In an experiment done with school students, the rate of response to a fire of students seated in groups of three was much slower than that of the students who were seated individually. At the first sight of smoke pouring through the vents, the students seated individually rushed to check the vents and then dashed out of the class room. Those seated in groups sat in the room until it was fully filled with smoke and it became unbearable for them to remain in the room. The second experiment involving a staged loud crash and the screaming and mourning of a woman from a staged broken ankle recorded that the majority of individuals went to assist the woman while only 40 percent of those ion groups were bothered to respond to the cry for help. This leads to her first hypothesis that for the victims there is no safety in numbers. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that the group characteristics cause reluctance to the individual to take action. The individual is drawn to assume that there is no need to act because there is nothing to be done. This assumption therefore is responsible for the inaction of individuals in a group. For instance a group of people may gather at a scene of an accident and spend quite some time at the scene waiting for the police until they realise no one had actually called the police since they thought the other had dialled the emergency number whole in actual sense no one had done so. The second explanation and justification to the hypothesis about group characteristic is that the members in a group fail to act due to the fear of humiliation rejection and ridicule. She alludes to the euphemism that society does not like people who go against the common decision however wrong it may be. â€Å"Do the moral thing and be disliked, humiliated, embarrassed and rejectedâ €  (Tavris 10). In my personal experience, I witnessed numerous fights between my friends and peers. The moral thing to do was to stand out and tell the fight off and separate them but since all others enjoyed the excitement I could not get myself to stand up against the crowd and deny them of the entertainment which was happening at the expense of the victims. This was not because I was lazy or ill mannered or helpless. It was because I could not take the humiliation that would come after despite the fact that I was actually doing the right thing.

My Forest Essay Example for Free

My Forest Essay Forests are a treasure of tranquility, a symbol of integrity, source of diversity and a place of unity. We can find plenty of flora, fauna, trees, animals, birds and species living together with abounding love in the forest. Mixed fragrance, pure air, healthy herbals, roaring streams, descending falls and moving beings make a forest a lively playground of peace. Above all, its serene presence always leads into a celestial experience of all who enter in and experience it. This essay is an exploration of the contribution of forests to the welfare of humankind, and human response to forests in order to understand the present scenario and reflect on the future of human-forest relationship. Forest as thriller From my childhood onwards I was indoctrinated about forests through various ways. Most of my childhood bedtime stories started with â€Å"there was a deep forest in which†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In addition, heroic adventures and especially thrillers are shown in movies from forest contexts. Christian missionary organisations often portrayed forests and tribal people more like people who were in danger with evil beasts, living in a threatened environment. In addition, Indian literatures mostly portrayed forests as appropriate places for hermits and as a place for divine mediation to escape from the chaos of this world. Being fed with this kind of imagery, I was led into believing that people who lived in forests, particularly tribes, lacked any culture. So on the whole, I was partially educated that forest is a dangerous place and the people who were living in forests were also dangerous. These kinds of notions and inputs led me into a kind of anti-forest sentiments until I took my intensive fieldwork in Similipal forest range in Orissa in August 2007. The 25 days stay at Similipal forest range and a life in the forest with the people of the forest changed my perception about forests and helped me to live and experience the real situation, rather than living in a strange imagination. Forest as Martyr Forest always stands for human welfare and benefit. Everything found in the forest is used by human beings for sustaining their lives. For example, major deforestation took place in India beginning from 1853 to start railways; numerous trees have been cut down to make â€Å"sleepers† and simultaneously used for fuel too. Flowers, fruits, roots, leaves, stems, and seeds, everything have been given to human, but the question persists, as to why human are concentrating on cutting trees, and destroying their lives? Trees have life by themselves; they live, bloom, and grow; how unethical is human attitude towards trees in the forests! We, who cal ourselves educated people, need to learn something from the people living at the grassroots. The Dheevar caste of Bhandara district of Maharashtra never catch fish going upstream on spawning migration, although they are exhausted and easy to catch. There are entire sacred groves and ponds in which no plant or animal is damaged. 1 During my fieldwork with tribal people in Similipal forest range and throughout our stay, we could not get milk for consumption, though there were numerous cows found around. Once, we asked a lady who owned two cows, â€Å"Did you get milk from cow? Immediately she replied, â€Å"How can I get milk from the cow? Cow’s milk is the life of its calves and it is unethical to suck one’s life to nourish ourselves. † I then understood why they didn’t drink cow’s milk; they were only using cow dung as manure in their fields. It is very important for us as literate human generation to ethically look into the issue of deforestation; we have been taking each and every product of the trees, we have been cutting the generous friend, God given gift, that is, the tree itself, out of our utter selfishness. Certainly, we should regard all the trees as martyrs as we get rains through them, we get good air through them, good food through them, and so on. On the whole, when we acknowledge the sacrifice of trees simultaneously, it is our commitment to save and sustain their life in order to create a greener and healthier world. Forest as healer Human atrocities over nature have increased, consequently, human and the earth, both have become ill. Climate change is one of the worst effects in this regard. It is the time to heal our earth as well as the human generation. When South Asian Tsunami devastated South Asia in 2004, the major reason found for the damage was, the eradication of mangroves forests and coral reefs in the sea shore area by the shrimp industries. Now the Government and NGOs are planting mangroves and making coral reefs in the sea shore. From this example it is very clear that tress are not only martyrs, but also the healers. If we grow trees we will get good rain, we will be saved from tsunami and thus save the world from climate change. Trees and forests are the hope of the world; they heal human, enrich their life experience and give them peace. Poet and Zen master Thich Nhat Hanh from Vietnam, who was nominated for Nobel Peace Prize by Martin Luther King Jr. , in his book Touching Peace, Practicing the Art of Mindful Living, describes a human-nurturing tree-ritual: Ten years ago, I planted three beautiful Himalayan cedars outside my hermitage [in France], and now, whenever I walk by one of them, I bow, tough its bark with my cheek, and hug it. As I breathe in and out mindfully, I look at its branches and beautiful leaves. I receive a lot of peace and sustenance from hugging trees. Touching a tree gives both, you and the tree great pleasure. Trees are beautiful, refreshing, and old. When you want to hug a tree, it will never refuse. You can rely on trees. I have even taught my students the practice of tree hugging †¦In the same way we touch trees, we can touch ourselves and others, with compassion. 2 Yes, trees are our friends. They listen to us, care for us, speak to us through their soft leaves, kiss us with beautiful flowers and feed us with kindness through their fruits. How sweet it is! Conclusion The main challenge is to connect human and forest. The social understanding and the so called development theories have clearly divided people from forest. It is very important for people to understand that forests are part of our world and that they should be taken care of by us. For example, my stay at Similipal forest range in August 2007 was quite strange and scintillating. Deep forest, no mobile phone tower or television, low voltage power; just a transistor, which received programmes from All India Radio,3 and a few people. Every night when I went to sleep, I often checked my bed and nearby places fearing the presence snakes. That much did I feel uncomfortable, and filled with hatred towards the forest. However, after 25 days, I realised that it was the most peaceful place in the world; a pure world of nature, and people with nature, and this learning experience led me to care for trees, because of which I am now concerned about nature. This is the real scenario of 75%-90% population of India towards the forest. This is my sincere suggestion that the Government and institutions should concentrate on their youngsters and teach them the reality of forest and its life and work for humanity. If they witness this truth no one would harm trees and they would promote forestation and also begin to nurture nature. Practically speaking, school and college children should be taken into the forests and given a chance to explore its beauty and appreciate its nobility from their childhood, through excursions, study trips and picnics. Misinterpretations and wrong indoctrinations about forests ought to be stopped. Only the tourism department of India is advertising Indian forests to foreign tourists to generate wealth but local people are poorly aware or informed of forest tourism. This has to be rectified. Media, such as newspapers, radio, television, and so on, promote the importance of forests throughout their programmes. Tribal people and their good social values nd practices need to be imparted to the mainstream. Philosophical and religious understanding of forests should be reconstructed with optimism and hope. Above all, as committed human we should spend much time in promoting forestation and eradicating deforestation collectively. I believe these that things would create a greener environment and help us to enhance the existing forests and to create more. To conclude, I would like to say that, when we enjoy forests and its resources we should always remember our responsibility of caring for forests and pass it to the coming generations, inviting them to express their solidarity with us in this noble mission. In a nutshell, the idea of forest as a thriller should be enjoyed, forest as martyr should be remembered, and forest as healer should be practiced.

Robert Hayden’s Those Winter Sundays Essay -- Poem Poet Hayden Winter

Robert Hayden's â€Å"Those Winter Sundays† In Robert Hayden’s â€Å"Those Winter Sundays† a grown person, most likely a man, recounts the winter Sundays of his childhood. He remembers the early morning events that took place and how much the events portrayed his father’s love for him. The man realizes that as a child he failed to appreciate the hard work his father did in order to provide him with some basic necessities and some small additional perks at times. The theme of the poem is sad, and lonely. Assuming that the speaker is a man looking back on his childhood, the child was lonely, and possibly even afraid of the father. The child seemed to associate the father with â€Å"the chronic angers of that house.† The speaker, who may also be the author, uses images and imagery to help the reader focus on the important parts of the poem.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Imagery is a plays a major role in this poem. The images used appeal to almost all the reader’s senses with the exception of tastes. Beginning in the first stanza, the reader’s senses of touch and sight are appealed to. For instance, when the speaker described the cracked hands that ached,† the reader sees an older man with dry, cracked hands. This can lead the reader to a number of assumptions again of the man being worn out from his job, or possibly having arthritis which would lead to the dry and sore hands. It also appeals to the sense of touch and sight when it describes the father’s hands and also when he â€Å"puts his clothes on in the blueb...

Effects On Support Networks Health And Social Care Essay

Discoursing about sexual wellness in older people is a hard subject in both professional wellness attention and patient because most aged people might experience abashed. Besides they would prefer physicians to present about sexual issues to them instead than they discuss it by them self. In this essay will place definition and history of gender in aging people. Recent statistic, physical changed and affects older individual ‘s life styles psychological and other are explained. Some support services are recommended. Sex in senior groups are focused because most immature people still misunderstand about sex and gender in older people lives.Definition and HistoryDefinition of gender is an ability of people to hold feeling and give love to each other to develop and hold a positive mentality about sexual activity. In add-on, responsible determination about physical, emotional and societal facets should be made ( Henry and McNab 2003 ) .HistoryIn an earlier common stereotype and myt hs which, people assumed that when a natural physical and emotional of older people have changed they lost sexual desires and they do non hold ability to do love and have sex any longer. Besides it was hard to discourse openly among physician and patient ( Henry and McNab 2003 ) . However, sex and gender among senior groups have become more widely discussed than the past, written by Gott ( 2004 ) .Recent StatisticssA 2007 study of sex older among grownups reported in Lindau, et Al. ( 2007 ) involved over 3,000 work forces and adult females. Its figures show that 73 % of older grownups aged 57 to 64 were sexually active. 53 % of those aged 65 to 74 were so, whilst merely 26 % of those between the ages of 75 to 85 were sexually active. The study besides showed that it was non merely healthy work forces ( 81 % ) and healthy adult females ( 51 % ) who were being sexually active in the old 12 months but 47 % of work forces and 26 % of adult females in hapless wellness were besides sexual ly active. Furthermore, older people in the 50 – 70 age group seem to hold more sex spouses and likely to travel back to dating than the last decennary. In add-on, Australian survey was reported from the mid-1990s of age 80, 8 % of adult females and 29 % of work forces were still holding sex. ( Minichiello and Hawkes 2011 ) . Furthermore, Lindau, et Al. ( 2007 ) besides found some aging people suffered from sexual jobs, the most common being erectile troubles in work forces ( 37 % ) and low desire ( 43 % ) , vaginal waterlessness ( 39 % ) and inability to culminate ( 34 % ) among the adult females surveyed. In add-on, less than 50 % both work forces and adult females had discussed sex with a doctor since they had become 50 old ages old. One surprising statistic found by the same writers was that sexually transmitted infections have been increasing among those of older age. Somes and Donatelli ( 2012 ) study that human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) infections are increasing faster in the group aged over 50 old ages than group ages under 40 old ages during the period 2000 to 2009. Syphilis, herpes, chlamydia and venereal warts have besides seen the largest rates of addition among those aged 45 to 64 old ages during the same period.PhysiologyHarmonizing to My physician for a healthy Australia ( 2010 ) natur al physical difference in organic structure form and size among older work forces and adult females can sometimes impact their ability to hold and bask sex. A study by Laumann et Al. ( 2005 ) of the sexual jobs among over 26,000 work forces and adult females aged 40-80 from 29 states found a scope of sexual jobs. One such alteration for both sexes is that is reasonably normal is that sexual rousing might happen less frequently and more easy. Work force may endure from erectile disfunction ( ED ) , which is the hard-ons tend to be less house, less seeds is ejaculated and necessitate more clip for subsequent hard-ons ( Henry and McNab 2003 ) . However Viagra and several medicines are available for work forces to execute or keep a sufficient hard-on for sexual activity. On the other manus, reduced degrees of estrogen among older adult females after climacteric may do some of them to see vaginal waterlessness ( Mayo Clinic 2011 ) . Besides, decrepit vagina contractions and lower organic structure engagement during climax might happen. Equally good as cause other emotional alterations associated with reduced sensitiveness, and response sexual libido ( Henry and McNab 2003 ) . Furthermore, a scope of chronic unwellnesss such as relate to the cardiovascular system, high blood force per unit area, diabetes, hormonal jobs, depression or anxiousness, and the side effects of some medicines and surgeries may besides do sexual trouble among older grownups..Effectss on the AgedSex effects in aged people, reported by Henry and McNab ( 2003 ) . Performance anxiousness and depression symptoms are common in both work forces and adult females in progress age. This is related to societal isolation and lead to loss of libido, which may do sexual disfunction or reduces sexual desire. Aged people feel guilty to hold sexual activity outside of matrimony. In add-on, widows or widowmans may experience blameworthy to get down a new relationship because they feel perfidiously. Although o lder work forces still have pleasant visual aspect crucial to their felicity, the feeling of wellbeing in adult females is reduced. As the consequence sexual activity in adult females has decreased earlier than work forces. Beside some older grownup experienced that the environment which they live might tie in with their sexual-life as good. For illustration, an aided life, long-run attention installation or nursing place, this is consequence to their privateness. Besides the unequal figure of sexes in aging people could increase the trouble for work forces and adult females to attach to and develop their relationship particularly with the opposite sex in those topographic points.Effectss on the Support NetworksChanges in the gender of an older individual will besides hold impacts on others, particularly their spouse and carer. When people become older they barely to speak with each other about sex, even though they still enjoy or used to bask the sex ( Keutz 1995 ) . Some of aging people loss assurance because of their physical and organic structure form has changed. Besides the relationship go more strain related to endocrine degrees or emotional changed, it might greatly happen after climacteric which is related to desire of gender. Furthermore, some older twosomes might hold statement more regularly which could non merely cut down familiarity between their relationships but besides decrease their sexual desires. In add-on, professional wellness attention might see a trouble covering with temper swing of their aged patients. It can sometimes be difficult to understand why the older client is non get bying good with ripening, because alterations in gender are frequently non discussed at all ( Funnel, Koutoukidis & A ; Lawrence, 2009 ) .Support servicesSupport services associating to gender for older grownups are available both as books and online. For illustration, the book Sex Over 50 by Block and Bakos ( 1999 ) was written for the turning group of aging Am ericans who are looking for professional, practical advice on how to do the passage to deeper, richer, more sophisticated sexual relationships. Similarly, the book Sexuality, Sexual Health and Ageing ( Gott 2005 ) explains the issues and experiences that may happen in the sexual activities of older grownups. In footings of on-line resources, the American Psychological Association ( APA ) is the largest scientific and professional organisation psychological science supports in the United States. Their mission is to progress the creative activity, communicating and application of psychological cognition to profit society and better people ‘s lives ( American Psychological Association 2013 ) . Relevant web pages from their on-line resources include Clay ‘s ( 2012 ) â€Å" Later-Life Sexual activity † which outlines how to Assessing older people ‘s sex lives, Get the better ofing challenges and Coping after malignant neoplastic disease. In add-on, over 9,000 org anisations together form the International Council on Active Aging ( ICAA ) , organizing professionals working for the benefit of older grownups in footings of their the retirement, assisted life, fittingness, rehabilitation and health ( ICAA 2012 ) . More locally, the Western Australian Center for Health and Ageing ( WACHA ) is an administration that helps back up and improves the lives of aged people, prevent the beginning of disenabling unwellnesss and happen better ways to handle the common diseases for them ( Western Australian Center for Health and Ageing 2012 ) . Relevant web pages from their on-line resources that relate to sexuality include its â€Å" Healthy Sex Life Not Merely for the Young † ( Western Australian Center for Health and Ageing 2012 ) . This is utile because this intelligence was explained about sexual activity in older people which is of import for immature people to understand about it.DecisionIn decision, this easy has shown that, gender is a capacity of experiencing love nevertheless in progress aged it hard to discourse between physicians and patients. Many people believed that when people become older their sexual desires are decreased and unable to do love any more. On the other manus, older grownups in both healthy and unhealthy over 50 old ages old were still sexually active. Nevertheless, physical changed such as organic structure form and size may impact their ability to hold sex. Some older work forces might endure from erectile disfunction besides adult females may see vagina waterlessness which related to sexual libido decreasing. Furthermore, some chronic unwellness may cut down ability to bask sex. Not merely physical changed but besides mood swing or depression symptom could impact aged people to hold a trouble sex-life. In add-on, sometimes it hard for wellness attention profession to understand older people as good. Many support beginnings and services are available for older people.

Career Episode

LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME CAREER EPISODE No. 1 PIRANHA HANGAR BASE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT Place in Colombia INTRODUCTION 1. This first episode is based on my experience as Project and Quality control Manager for the project related to th construction of two piranha hangar base. This project was executed by XXX, the Company which I worked for, and the Contractor was the ZZZ. This construction project took place from August 2004 to August 2005. BACKGROUND 2. The main scope of this project was to build two hangar bases for â€Å"piranha† motor boats.These hangar bases provided different facilities to military personnel that need some support during their military operations and each one had fuel storage and supply facilities, warehouse, dinning and temporary housing facilities . Thus, it was necessary to build a potable water system, sanitary system, fuel storage and distribution system, air conditioning system, bilge and ballast system, electrical network, including gener ator set. Hull, deck and roof structure were built on steel structure with different specs and coating schema. Each piranha hangar base weighted 209 tons and had two storeys. 3.The Hull was composed by five pontoons each one of 8 meters length x 1. 20 meters width x1. 5 meters depth and a main section of 24 meters length x 3. 5 meters width x 1. 5 meters depth. Each pontoon had a specific function, pontoon number 3 was designed for sewage system, pontoon five was used for ballast system and included sea box. Inside other pontoons there were installed pipe lines for fuel, sanitary, electrical, bilge and ballast system. Hull main section was designed to fuel and LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME potable water storage. On second floor, there were located facilities for housing, office and nursery. . The main existing problem for this project was that the hangar base had to be fabricated on site since transportation of an entire hangar base was impossible due to security conditions. ZZ Z decided that this was a Best Value Proposal, which means that the selected constructor would be the company that guarantees the success of the project regardless the price. The company had to define and support not only an economic and technical proposal but also a real proposal that analyzed and guaranteed quality, transportation and security/safety factors.This proposal also had to include a fabrication plan at Bogota and an on-site, transportation plan and on-site assembly plan. The contractor also had to outline an integral plan to perform assembly on-site and furthermore pinpoint which equipment would be used in pre-assembly and joint nine heavy steel modules. PERSONAL ENGINEERING ACTIVITY 5. During the bid process, I was an active member of the technical team which defined technical solution, including hull modules definition, fabrication and assembly plan at Bogota and on site. This technical team was composed (in hierarchical order) by my boss Eng.XYZ, who is the general m anager of the Company, me and a group of external specialists from different fields e. g. structural, naval and mechanical engineering . In this stage, I was in charge of coordinating equipment to define an integral solution and based on conclusions of the technical team meetings, I did relevant documents such as fabrication and assembly plan, transportation plan, Quality control plan and technical proposal, including project schedule. Final proposal presented by ZZZ was composed of two main stages. The first one was fabricating at Bogota, LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME he hull (pontoons and main hull) and processing steel plates and steel profiles, including sandblasting and coating process. Second stage was transport these steel modules by air and joint them at project location. After a meeting, in which I had to explain and support designed plans to ZZZ, they fortunately decided that our proposal was the best option for them, so the Company was selected as the contractor for the construction of two Piranha Hangar Bases and then it started a new process, which was related to the construction of the project according to proposed plans. . For this construction stage, my job description was that of Project and Quality Control Manager . The following were my main functions: 6. 1 ENGINEERING ACTIVITIES : Supervising and ensuring that each activity was performed according to drawings and specs. This activity was performed throughout the entire process, including construction stage. Supervising steel structure fabrication process. Hull modules were fabricated on a Steel Structure shop located at Bogota . These modules were pre-assembled here in Bogota to guarantee that it would not be any problem at the place.All welding procedures of hull modules were tested by a company which is certified to verify and qualify welding quality and procedures. Steel structure was sent to the place with primer and barrier coating; final coating was applied on site . This decisio n was taken for two main reasons. Firstly, at the place relative humidity level is extremely high, so quality of coating activities could not be guaranteed; furthermore, sand blasting procedures could LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME not be done at the places due to its cost and environmental regulations. Selecting Test Company to perform and control quality of main.I also supervised and ensured that welders were certified by an approved organization. Ensuring welding activities, pipelines and equipments performed at optimal level. Sought materials and equipment needed by the project and assured that those fulfilled requirements established by ZZZ. Once I had identified the supplier for equipment and/or materials, I gave the info to the Purchase Department of the company and they performed the acquisition and coordinated delivery procedures. This procedure was under my supervision and I had to be informed about purchase and delivery status.When the supplier was located out of the country, purchase procedure was my responsibility from beginning to end. This meant that I had to define right supplier, perform importation and nationalization process and coordinate process until its delivery on-site. Writing technical reports that were required by client. Guarantying to client that all activities were performed according to submitted plans. Supervising that those activities were performed fulfilling requirement of Quality Control Plan. Simulating behavior of each piranha hangar base according to hull construction and specific loads.This procedure was very interested since I learned new things related to vessels . For this activity I was supported by Eng. Y who is a Naval Engineer from the National Navy and he really taught me a lot about this subject, we use a special software that LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME simulated vessel behavior according to its own weight, tide level, bilge and ballast tank level and specific conditions that could affect hangar base stability. 6. 2 MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES : Controlling execution budget. Controlling project progress and project schedule.Controlling reports that were required by ZZZ, such as daily reports, Man hour report. Writing and preparing submissions of materials, equipment or procedures which must be submitted to ZZZ and must have its approval. It was a key issue since ZZZ approval took about 30 days and activity could not be started if all the related submittals were not approved. So, any mistake or delay on this activity could significantly affect the progress of the project. Calculating and supporting payment request. Attending meetings requested by client, in order to support project and its progress to ZZZ.Defining and requesting to human resources department required labor to work on site. 7. Eventhough assembly on site was easier than the one that we had planned; there was a problem with the structure designed and built to maneuver steel modules into the water. At the beginning this structure was composed by steel truss and pulleys; however due to weather reasons we required a fast method; so I proposed and built a series of roller boards which were fabricated on AC SCH 40 pipe which was the only strength material available on-site at this stage of the project. It was a good idea.The success of this project was due in part to the rainy season as water level had significantly increased, and so steel modules LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME were close to low-lying land, reducing transportation and handling distance of big steel modules from work area to river. SUMMARY 9. For the successful execution of this project it was important to have create and maintain good team work. Since this project included different fields of engineering and it was mandatory to have positive communication between site engineer, subcontractors and specialists in order to avoid any mistake. The entire roject was performed and completed amidst a healthy working environment. 10. The pr oject was very interesting because it required technical and managerial abilities . It was a personal challenge because it was my first project not only with the company but also with the ZZZ. They have a quality system that really does not make many mistakes and they also have documentation systems and procedures that takes time and cannot be underestimated during the planning process. 11. Our proposal was the best for them; I think that they had some doubts about air transportation and assembly on site of prefabricated modules.Thus, at the beginning, they were extremely dedicated to this project and when they realized that the entire hull was floating on the river, they were proud of their decision. Project fulfilled ZZZ requirements; it was given additional execution time since it was an unexpected rainy season. 12. I think that my role contributed to the project, since I was in charge of key activities and any mistake could dramatically influence the project and its objectives. I realized that I have leadership abilities and that projects could seem complicated but when a project has drawings, specs,LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME a good quality control system and good team work anything is possible. This project was also interesting because it had special equipment that had to be bought in the USA; there was an armor steel plate that was bought in Peru so I learned how to do international purchases and nationalization procedures. 13. In addition, I had to constantly coordination with other departments and gave technical support to the site team, duties that were new to me. It was an important episode in my career and has helped to develop my knowledge base, experience, skills and confidence.LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME CAREER EPISODE No. 2 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION FOR MIDNIGHT EXPRESS FACILITIES Place – Colombia INTRODUCTION 1. This episode is related to my job as Project Manager and Quality control Manager for the design and construction f or midnight express facilities at Place (Colombia), which is a Pacific coast city. 2. This project was executed by XXX, the Company which I worked for, and the Contractor was ZZZ. This project took place from July 2006 to March 2007. BACKGROUND 3.The first main objective of this project was to provide, at pier zone, fuel, electricity and water to midnight express patrol boats. Fuel was provided from two storage tanks 5000 gallons ea. located at 984, 25 feet away from pier location. Electricity had to be taken from a generator set located at the same distance and water was taken from a storage tank located at 1. 640,42 feet away from pier. These pipelines had to be underground and at pier zone they had to be anchored to concrete structure and protected against sun and bumps.Second objective was to install infrastructure necessary to install a jet dock system which is a floating dock system that works according to tide level of fluctuating waters. This floating dock was 45,93 feet len gth per 29,53 feet width and was composed by cubes of surface area of 20†³ x 20†³ (500mm x 500mm) , 14 pounds (6. 4 kgs) weight, and over 200 pounds (90 kgs) of buoyancy. The cube was air filled (basically a rigid, hollow compartment) with a wall thickness of approximately ? † (6mm). LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME . In order to accomplish this second objective, a special design was created since this jet dock system had to be anchored to existing concrete piles which were not totally aligned with Y-axis nor designed to loads and movements transferred by floating dock and midnight express boats. 5. It is important to note that at this Pacific area, tide levels vary from 1 to 19,69 feet daily; this data was obtained by using Marina records and by doing measurements each hour during six months which were recorded and analyzed in excel.So it was very difficult and complex to design a system that worked according to this tide level variation and that were strong enoug h to support wave forces and directions. 6. In addition, infrastructure included a floating steel platform that was moved according to tide level and that was used as pedestrian access to the jet dock floating platform. It was necessary to design and built a fiber glass floating unit that was used as guide to the steel platform. At the existing pier, there were installed two dockside pillars which supplied electrical energy and water to midnight xpress boats. Fuel was supplied by two fuel pumps. 7. The scope of this Contract had two main activities: Design and Construction. This kind of contracts with ZZZ is very important and requires special attention from Contractor Company. Design procedures have three submittals: Submittion #1: 50% Design submission Submittion #2: 90% Design submission and 100% Design submission Each one of these documents must be submitted to ZZZ in order to have their approval . This approval takes 30 calendar days, and no work on siteLAST NAME: FIRST NAME: M IDDLE NAME can be started if final submittal has not been approved; thus, any mistake in these documents will carry out a delay on execution time. PERSONAL ENGINEERING ACTIVITY 8. At the Design and Construction stage my job position was Project Manager and Quality Control Manager and I was in charge of representing the company during project execution, approving or disapproving executed activities, preparing and submitting payment request, Maintaining updated submission register, preparing and signing daily report .If any work had not been performed according to specs and/or technical code I had authority to reject the work and to define corrective actions. 9. I also coordinated and supervised the Project, assured that the work was properly scheduled, assured that costs were being properly controlled and maintained and an efficient safety program was in place. 10. The Design team was composed by a Structural Engineer, an Electrical engineer and me.I was in charge of this team and I coordinated and supervised their work. I also designed hydraulic network and environmental system. I was an active member of this team and my work was reported directly to Eng. W, who is the general manager of the Company. Once specific design had been done by each external specialist, I reviewed those and if requirements were fulfilled, I prepared design submissions, which included drawings, calculations and specs and submitted it to ZZZ for their revision and approval .These specs were done using SpecsIntact program, which is an specialized software created by ZZZ to edit and create technical specs according to scope and conditions of specific project. LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME 11. In order to do environmental design I first defined two main criteria. 1) The not treated water quality and 2) the use of treated water and required quality. 12. For determining water quality I based my analysis on lab results for well located near the project area.And for the second aspect and according to specs the required treated water quality was determined based on the following uses: †¢ †¢ †¢ Water not apt for drinking Water apt for human contact: Activities where human skin came in contact water Fresh water washes activities to retire marine salt from non sensible materials that do not require being washes with demineralized, distillate water or with more physical and chemical quality than potable water. 13. After these criteria had been defined ,treatment plant capacity was calculated based on the estimated operation flow, maximum 0. lps, storage volume of 1000 gls (according to SOW), and critical conditions or maximum consumption; the storage volume would be consumed in 1. 75 hours. I determined that the well must supply the consumed water at the same rate, which is 0. 6 lps, to assure water supply at all times. Thus, I selected a treatment plant of 0. 6 lps. 14. According to the water quality expected and its final use, the treatment to be used i ncluded the following processes: †¢ †¢ †¢ Ventilation1 ventilation tray set Flocculation and Coagulation :1 coagulation and flocculation tank Sedimentation1 sedimentation tank LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME 4. The Hydraulic design was done using the Hazen-Williams equation with a roughness coefficient C = 150 for PVC pipes and according to the International Plumbing Code 2003. It was not difficult to develop the networks design due to all of the input parameters were known, so it was make the calculations according to the design process and fulfilling the international standards requirements. 15. The challenge for this project was to design a system easy to assembly and guarantee that materials would resist sea environment and fluctuating water forces. Works must be performed on the sea and on a rainy season.For these reasons materials and procedures had to be carefully selected, reviewed and approved. 16. By analyzing information given by surveying methods, exist ing piles were not aligned; they did not have a common axis . Thus, in order to prevent damage in jet dock system, it was mandatory to create something that fixed the jet dock guides in the same X and Y axis. Since the jet dock system required poles to let floating board to move according to tide level, I thought that it would be a good idea if these poles had horizontal members as long as it was required to absorb X-Y axis variations.To achieve this purpose, I suggested steel guide poles, instead of PVC guide poles which were recommended by Jet Dock supplier; in addition, this material would guarantee a stronger structure, able to support wave forces. 17. At the bottom section, these guide poles were fixed to existing concrete pier by fabricated steel clamps plate 1/8â€Å"(height= 1,6404 feet) jointed with O1† screws and at top section they were anchored to existing concrete pier beam by using adhesive mortar for rebar and anchor LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME fastening s.These guide poles and their supports were prefabricated and preassembled at Bogota, Colombia. 18. On site it was difficult to install these guide poles, since their length was 22,97 feet, tide level would be, as minimum one meter above guide pole anchor system. Thus, this anchorage activity had to be performed with specialized diving people that guarantee that screws were installed according to Torque requirements. 19. It was an interesting experience because, even though it was an easy project, there were many difficulties that could influence the overall quality of final product.Thus, it was necessary to have good specialists for each field. In addition, on site was a senior engineer who had great experience regarding coastal projects, so his knowledge was very useful in solving specific problematic on-site details. SUMMARY 20. I learned new things which related to projects surrounding coastal environments. Overall, in order to do the job properly, a number of variables had to b e considered. 21. All the construction procedures were defined throughout design activities; since I did not have knowledge about ea water behavior and how waves and tides can impact in an on shore project, it was interesting to find that my proposed ideas were accepted without hesitation. Since I was in charge of key activities and any mistakes could affect the project, I worked effectively and diligently to ensure the smooth completion of the project and to ensure client satisfaction. The ZZZ and YYY were satisfied with the project and the installed equipment. LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME CAREER EPISODE No. 3 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION FOR CONCRETE RECYCLING SYSTEM Bogota, Cundinamarca – Colombia INTRODUCTION 1.This episode is based on my experience as Project Manager for the project related to the construction of infrastructure required at a concrete recycling system RRR ® at Precast Concrete Plant COMPANY at Bogota, Colombia. This project was executed by XXX, the Com pany which I worked for, and the Contractor was COMPANY which is a National Precast Concrete Manufacturer. This construction project took place from December 2007 to March 2008. BACKGROUND 2. Precast concrete plant required an integral solution to solve the final disposal of residual concrete . They did not have space nor adequate treatment for this material.In addition, the concrete plant did not have a drainage system so rain water got mixed with wash water and water produced by daily operation and maintenance of proper equipment and concrete mixers. This water used to be accumulated at lowest areas creating different environmental and operational problems, such as floods, visual and soil pollution. Due to these conditions, COMPANY decided to install a recycling RRR ® system, which offered the complete solution not only for reclaiming aggregates and cementitious water for reuse in the production process but also for treating excess water.LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME 3. A r ecycling system provides a closed loop system and consists of a reclaimer and a system to reuse the water. With a recycling system the sand and aggregates as well as the greywater are reused in the batch plant. There was no material leftover to dispose of and therefore a zero discharge solution. 4. This water is treated in a way that enables clear water to be available after the process and can then be used within the factory . The accruing sludge can be used in the batch plant to provide a closed loop system. 5.The objective for this project was to build several civil works such , Rigid pavement including granular as :Reinforced concrete tanks for storage of clarified and greywater, foundation for RRR ® equipment layers, potable water network , electrical network, drainage system and environmental works like grease / oil trap and sand trap treatment . 6. As project manager, my work was supervised by Eng. M who is the owner of the company and I reported every subject related to pr oject performance to him and the general manager of the Precast Concrete Company.PERSONAL ENGINEERING ACTIVITY 7. At the beginning of the project we had a general drawing given by RRR ® system supplier. This drawing was a layout drawing that indicated general dimensions / distances and water and electrical supply network requirements. The first activity that I had to do was locating RRR ® infrastructure inside the general layout of the concrete plant which had existing facilities including cement and aggregates bins, office building, warehouse and a maintenance shop. Thus, I had to define a RRR ® LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME ystem location analyzing existing facilities and parameters like flooding areas, maneuver distances and turn radius. 8. After the suggested location was approved by Client, it was mandatory to improve draft drawings given by machine supplier. Therefore, the second activity was to define maneuver area, pavement slope, drainage system location and grea se/oil trap and sand trap treatment location. Once these criteria had been defined by me and approved by the general manager of the Precast Concrete Company ,I designed each one of these items . . For designing a drainage system I analyzed two main water sources; rain water which was calculated by using Rational method and wash water which was calculated by direct measurement and according to number of loaded cars per day. For Rainfall intensity I used pluviometric Record located at the project area. Since water had sediments, I designed a system based on reinforced concrete open channel in order to facilitate maintenance operations. Q: c: i: A: Flow (m3/sec) Runoff coefficient Rainfall Intensity (m/sec) Catchment Area (m2)Q = c ? i ? A Rational Method 10. To design grease / oil trap I used flow calculated in previous stage and used a retention period of 20 mins which is the one suggested by National code for Hydro sanitary Activities (RAS) . 9. The company for whom I worked, starte d the construction of the project according to design drawings. I supervised each activity and ensured performance was carried out in accordance with drawing specifications given by RRR ®, who was the equipment supplier. I alsoLAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME Coordinated and supervised the Project performance, Assured that the work was properly scheduled and that costs were being properly controlled. 10. My work fulfilled project requirement. This could clearly be noted when equipment and recycling systems arrived from Germany. Everything meant my requirements and the installation process went smoothly. Drainage and treatment system were an integral solution to existing water problems reducing flooding areas. 11.Throughout project execution it was not technical difficulties, assembly on site was easy and there no were required any extra works or any modification SUMMARY 12. For the execution of this project it was very important to have good client communication. Positive team w ork transpired throughout the entire project and this and this affirmed and aided the constructive client communication. Overall I believe I was a good project manager, both from the client perspectives and from the workers perspective. 13.The project was a success and I believe that success was and is a reflection of my capabilities. The project was very interesting because it required technical and managerial abilities. It was a personal challenge because it was the first recycling system in my country. There was little technical expertise and know how available to assist me and few knowledgeable people to go to for advice. I had to use my own initiative to get the job done successfully. LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME 14. I think this project has been one of the biggest challenges of my professional career thus far.I had to develop an important design project in a short time and without previous experiences about RRR system. In addition I had to constantly coordinate with othe r departments and give technical support to the site team, duties that were new to me. It was an important episode in my career and has enabled me to gain much knowledge as I had little previous experience in many of the areas I encountered. This project enabled me to further my professional knowledge base, expand my technical expertise and develop my managerial capabilities.

Obama vs. McCain - History Essay

Obama vs. McCain - History Essay Free Online Research Papers The Iraq war was declared by George Bush on March 20, 2003. This war is also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, and The War in Iraq. (Wikipedia) The war is a response to the attacks on September 11th and the belief that Iraq had amassed Weapons of Mass destruction. There was a belief that Iraq posed an imminent threat to the United States and that the United States needed to act immediately to eliminate this threat. Since that day we have lost over 4,000 soldiers (icasualties) and it has cost the United States $565,308,329,744 and is getting higher (national priorities). On the contrary, we have removed the dictator Saddam Hussein from power and forced the Al-Qaeda terrorist group into hiding. Now that it is election time, our candidates need to decide what their plan for our future presence in Iraq if they are to be elected. Senator Obama plans to enact the Iraq War De-Escalation Act. This act would be enacted in January. He believes we need to leave Iraq carefully, because we entered the war with haste. The removal of our troops will be carefully planned and done in phases. It will be directed by a selection of military commanders and in a joint effort with Iraqi police and the Iraqi government. The quickest, safest way believed to remove our American troops from Iraq is to redeploy one to two brigades a month back to the United States. This would remove nearly all of our troops by the summer of 2010. He also aims to urge political parties and governmental leaders in Iraq to reach the needed political action to save the quickly unraveling political and economic status in Iraq. He also plans to help end Iraq’s civil war, saving the lives of many Iraqi’s. One last piece of this act is to form the Iraq Study Group, whose purpose is to oversee the repair of Iraq’s broken and fragile eco nomic and political status. Obama’s plan will end the war as quickly as possible and attempt to fix Iraq’s problem. John McCain believes it is essential for the United States to support the Government of Iraq to become capable of governing itself. He believes that â€Å"It would be a grave mistake to leave before Al Qaeda in Iraq is defeated and before a competent, trained, and capable Iraqi security force is in place and operating effectively.†(McCain) His philosophy seems to be that we got Iraq into this mess and now we are going to fix it. He believes that we must not let Iraq become a failed state or a pawn of Iran. We will remain in Iraq until the Iraqi people no longer need us. McCain once said â€Å"I do not want to keep our troops in Iraq a minute longer than necessary to secure our interests there. Our goal is an Iraq that can stand on its own as a democratic ally and a responsible force for peace in its neighborhood. Our goal is an Iraq that no longer needs American troops.† He also believes that if we are to get out of Iraq, we must first help the Iraqi economy. We must tr y to lead young Iraqi’s away from the well-funded extremists. He also believes that the many Americans who have died in the war, have done so to prevent the even worse consequences of failure in Iraq. Even with all the negative attention, McCain is getting for not wanting to pull out of Iraq, he sticks with his plans and views. â€Å"Doing the right thing in the heat of a political campaign is not always easy. But it is necessary.† (McCain) The two candidates have completely opposing views on our war in Iraq. Obama on one side wants to remove our troops immediately, while on the other hand, McCain wants to keep our troops in Iraq until we get the job done. Both are very strong in backing up their beliefs and are not letting the high amounts of criticism from the media get to them. Now it is your responsibility as the reader to take this information, and use it to decide which of these great men you want to give your vote to. Will it is Obama and who plans for a quick ending to the war hoping to spare the lives of as many Americans as he can, or McCain and his unrelenting passion to keep our soldiers in Iraq until the job is done? Research Papers on Obama vs. McCain - History EssayMr. Obama and IranAmerican Central Banking and OilMy Air force EssayThe Obama Presidency EssayThe Rise and Fall of Napoleon BonapartePoverty, Violence and Conflict How are they Related?Quebec and CanadaIslamic Fundamentalism Replaces CommunismDr. Edward Deming EssayGovernment Funding Essay